Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Lenora Fernandez; Camilo Roa Jr; Liza Llanes-Garcia; Norman Maghuyop

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Lenora Fernandez, Camilo Roa Jr, Liza Llanes-Garcia, Norman Maghuyop

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 16 February 2021 Accepted: 2 March 2021 Published: 9 March 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. This study aimed to establish the Maximum Working Capacity, Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂), Peak carbon dioxide output (VCO₂), Tidal Volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise and derive prediction equation models for Maximum Working Capacity, Peak VO₂, Peak VCO₂ and maximum attained TV. The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for one hundred eighteen healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista Mini-CPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO₂ max, VCO₂ peak, TV peak, and Work Max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21±26.6 watts and 93.02±15.57 watts for females while the peak VO₂ for males was 4.90±3.11 and 4.56±2.41 liters/minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO₂, VCO₂ and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study.

Published in	American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
Page(s)	70-75
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, Philippine Normal Reference Values

References

[1]	Mahler DA, Horowits MB. Clinical Evaluation of Exertional Dyspnea. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 1994, 15 (2): 259-69.
[2]	Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, et al. Principles of exercise testing and interpretation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 1987, 7 (4): 189.
[3]	The American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians guideline. Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167 (2): 211-77.
[4]	Hansen J and Wasserman K. Exercise Testing. In: Leslie Chusid, The Selective and Comprehensive Testing of Adult Pulmonary Function. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1^st ed, 1983, 199-224.
[5]	Balgos AA, Lua L, Pascual R. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adjustments in Normal Volunteers during Modified Exercise Tests in Comparison to Standard Exercise Tests. Respirology, 1996, 1; 55-60.
[6]	Jones NL. Clinical Exercise Testing. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., Harcourt-Brace Jovanvich Inc., 1988, 1-3; 123-9.
[7]	Paap D, Takken T; Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy adults: a systematic review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2014, 12 (12): 1439–1453.
[8]	Pothoff G, Winter U, Wasserman K. Ergospirometric Studies of Normal Probands for an Unsteady State Increment Test Program. Kardiology, 1994, 82 (2): 116-123.
[9]	Rochmis, P. & Blackburn, H. Exercise Test. A Survey of Procedures, Safety and Litigation Experience in Approximately 170,000 Tests. JAMA, 1971, 17 1061-1066.
[10]	McKelvie R and Jones NL. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 1989, 10; 277-291.
[11]	Ong K, Loo C, Ong Y, et al. Predictive Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Sedentary Chinese Adults. Respirology, 2002, 7: 225-231.
[12]	Jones N, Makrides L, Hitchcock C, et al. Normal Standards for an Incremental Progressive Cycle Ergometer Test. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1995, 131; 700-708.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lenora Fernandez, Camilo Roa Jr, Liza Llanes-Garcia, Norman Maghuyop. (2021). Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(2), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Lenora Fernandez; Camilo Roa Jr; Liza Llanes-Garcia; Norman Maghuyop. Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2021, 9(2), 70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Lenora Fernandez, Camilo Roa Jr, Liza Llanes-Garcia, Norman Maghuyop. Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Am J Intern Med. 2021;9(2):70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12,
  author = {Lenora Fernandez and Camilo Roa Jr and Liza Llanes-Garcia and Norman Maghuyop},
  title = {Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-75},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20210902.12},
  abstract = {Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. This study aimed to establish the Maximum Working Capacity, Peak oxygen uptake (VO2), Peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), Tidal Volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise and derive prediction equation models for Maximum Working Capacity, Peak VO2, Peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV. The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for one hundred eighteen healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista Mini-CPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and Work Max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21±26.6 watts and 93.02±15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90±3.11 and 4.56±2.41 liters/minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
AU  - Lenora Fernandez
AU  - Camilo Roa Jr
AU  - Liza Llanes-Garcia
AU  - Norman Maghuyop
Y1  - 2021/03/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
AB  - Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. This study aimed to establish the Maximum Working Capacity, Peak oxygen uptake (VO2), Peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), Tidal Volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise and derive prediction equation models for Maximum Working Capacity, Peak VO2, Peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV. The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for one hundred eighteen healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista Mini-CPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and Work Max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21±26.6 watts and 93.02±15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90±3.11 and 4.56±2.41 liters/minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Lenora Fernandez

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of the Philippines Philippine General Hospital, Manila City, Philippines
Camilo Roa Jr

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of the Philippines Philippine General Hospital, Manila City, Philippines
Liza Llanes-Garcia

Section of Pulmonology, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
Norman Maghuyop

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of the Philippines Philippine General Hospital, Manila City, Philippines

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lenora Fernandez, Camilo Roa Jr, Liza Llanes-Garcia, Norman Maghuyop. (2021). Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(2), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Lenora Fernandez; Camilo Roa Jr; Liza Llanes-Garcia; Norman Maghuyop. Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2021, 9(2), 70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Lenora Fernandez, Camilo Roa Jr, Liza Llanes-Garcia, Norman Maghuyop. Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Am J Intern Med. 2021;9(2):70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12,
  author = {Lenora Fernandez and Camilo Roa Jr and Liza Llanes-Garcia and Norman Maghuyop},
  title = {Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-75},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20210902.12},
  abstract = {Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. This study aimed to establish the Maximum Working Capacity, Peak oxygen uptake (VO2), Peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), Tidal Volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise and derive prediction equation models for Maximum Working Capacity, Peak VO2, Peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV. The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for one hundred eighteen healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista Mini-CPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and Work Max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21±26.6 watts and 93.02±15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90±3.11 and 4.56±2.41 liters/minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
AU  - Lenora Fernandez
AU  - Camilo Roa Jr
AU  - Liza Llanes-Garcia
AU  - Norman Maghuyop
Y1  - 2021/03/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.12
AB  - Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. This study aimed to establish the Maximum Working Capacity, Peak oxygen uptake (VO2), Peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), Tidal Volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise and derive prediction equation models for Maximum Working Capacity, Peak VO2, Peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV. The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for one hundred eighteen healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista Mini-CPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and Work Max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21±26.6 watts and 93.02±15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90±3.11 and 4.56±2.41 liters/minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download