Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women

Yukino Morita; Natsuko Ichikawa; Kayo Ootani; Michitaka Naito

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women

Yukino Morita, Natsuko Ichikawa, Kayo Ootani, Michitaka Naito

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 18 July 2023 Accepted: 7 August 2023 Published: 15 August 2023

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Abstract

Aim: To investigate the effects of ingesting amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy young Japanese women (age 21.1 ± 0.1 y). In each session, the subjects ingested one of three beverages in a randomized crossover design. Materials used were an amino acid mixture (Amizet B™, 0.6 g/kg of body weight, 60 mg/kg as amino acids), glucose (1 g/kg of body weight), and fat cream (OFTT™ cream, 1 g/kg of body weight, 0.35 g/kg as fat). The three beverages were as follows: an amino acid mixture (A trial), glucose and fat cream (GF trial), or a mixture of glucose, fat cream, and amino acids (GFA trial). Venous blood samples were obtained before (0) and 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion in the A trial and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion in the GF and GFA trials. Results: The ingestion of amino acids alone (without glucose) slightly stimulated the secretion of insulin, and both insulin and glucagon levels significantly increased without changes in the glucose level. Co-ingestion of fat with glucose reduced the glucose rise, and the addition of amino acids suppressed the reduction in the blood glucose rise. There were no significant effects of the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on the lipid or lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat. Conclusion: Co-ingestion of amino acids with glucose and fat increased the glucose level compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat, probably by suppressing insulinotropic and glucagon-inhibitory effects. We conclude that the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat inhibits postchallenge glucose metabolism but does not significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
Page(s)	132-139
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Amino Acids, Postchallenge Glycemia, Postchallenge Lipidemia, Young Women, Insulin, Glucagon, GIP, GLP-1

References

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[2]	Takemoto H, Kuzawa K, Kagaya M, Naito M (2021) Prevalence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in young Japanese women. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, JFSN–115.
[3]	Ichikawa N, Morita Y, Ootani K, Naito M (2022) Effects of co-ingestion of amino acids with fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia in healthy young women. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Science, 11, 177–186.
[4]	Miyachi A, Kobayashi M, Mieno E, Goto M, Furusawa K, Inagaki T, Kitamura T (2017) Accurate analytical method for human plasma glucagon levels using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry: comparison with commercially available immunoassays. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 409, 5911–5918.
[5]	Tricó D, Frascerra S, Baldi S, Mengozzi A, Nesti L, Mari A, Natali A (2019) The insulinotropic effect of a high-protein nutrient preload is mediated by the increase plasma amino acids in type 2 diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 58, 2253–2261.
[6]	Newmire DE, Rivas E, Deemer SE, Willoughby DS, Ben-Ezra V (2019) The impact of a large bolus dose of L-leucine and L-isoleucine on enteroendocrine and pancreatic hormones, and glycemia in healthy, inactive adults. Nutrients, 11, 2650–2670.
[7]	Luscombe-Marsh ND, Hutchison AT, Soenen S, Steinert RE, Clifton PM, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C (2016) Plasma free amino acid responses to intraduodenal whey protein, and relationships with insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and energy intake in lean healthy men. Nutrients, 8, 4–16.
[8]	Greenfield JR, Farooqi IS, Keogh JM, Henning E, Habib AM, Blackwood A, Reimann F, Holst JJ, Gribble FM (2009) Oral glutamine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, and insulin concentrations in lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 106–13.
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[11]	Hashimoto S, Hayashi S, Yoshida A, Naito M (2013) Acute effects of postprandial aerobic exercise on glucose and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy young women. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 20, 204–213.
[12]	Katharina M, Christine R, Frederik RC, Anne Ø, Emilie E, Michael MR, Jens JH, Marie W-S, Nicolai WA (2022) Arginine-induced glucagon secretion and glucagon-induced enhancement of amino acid catabolism are not influenced by ambient glucose levels in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 323, E207–E214.
[13]	Carr RD, Larsen MO, Winzell MS, Jelic K, Lindgren O, Deacon CF, Ahrén B (2008) Incretin and islet hormonal responses to fat and protein ingestion in healthy men. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 295, E779–E784.
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APA Style

Yukino Morita, Natsuko Ichikawa, Kayo Ootani, Michitaka Naito. (2023). Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 11(4), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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ACS Style

Yukino Morita; Natsuko Ichikawa; Kayo Ootani; Michitaka Naito. Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2023, 11(4), 132-139. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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AMA Style

Yukino Morita, Natsuko Ichikawa, Kayo Ootani, Michitaka Naito. Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. J Food Nutr Sci. 2023;11(4):132-139. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14,
  author = {Yukino Morita and Natsuko Ichikawa and Kayo Ootani and Michitaka Naito},
  title = {Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {132-139},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20231104.14},
  abstract = {Aim: To investigate the effects of ingesting amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy young Japanese women (age 21.1 ± 0.1 y). In each session, the subjects ingested one of three beverages in a randomized crossover design. Materials used were an amino acid mixture (Amizet B™, 0.6 g/kg of body weight, 60 mg/kg as amino acids), glucose (1 g/kg of body weight), and fat cream (OFTT™ cream, 1 g/kg of body weight, 0.35 g/kg as fat). The three beverages were as follows: an amino acid mixture (A trial), glucose and fat cream (GF trial), or a mixture of glucose, fat cream, and amino acids (GFA trial). Venous blood samples were obtained before (0) and 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion in the A trial and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion in the GF and GFA trials. Results: The ingestion of amino acids alone (without glucose) slightly stimulated the secretion of insulin, and both insulin and glucagon levels significantly increased without changes in the glucose level. Co-ingestion of fat with glucose reduced the glucose rise, and the addition of amino acids suppressed the reduction in the blood glucose rise. There were no significant effects of the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on the lipid or lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat. Conclusion: Co-ingestion of amino acids with glucose and fat increased the glucose level compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat, probably by suppressing insulinotropic and glucagon-inhibitory effects. We conclude that the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat inhibits postchallenge glucose metabolism but does not significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women
AU  - Yukino Morita
AU  - Natsuko Ichikawa
AU  - Kayo Ootani
AU  - Michitaka Naito
Y1  - 2023/08/15
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 132
EP  - 139
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
AB  - Aim: To investigate the effects of ingesting amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy young Japanese women (age 21.1 ± 0.1 y). In each session, the subjects ingested one of three beverages in a randomized crossover design. Materials used were an amino acid mixture (Amizet B™, 0.6 g/kg of body weight, 60 mg/kg as amino acids), glucose (1 g/kg of body weight), and fat cream (OFTT™ cream, 1 g/kg of body weight, 0.35 g/kg as fat). The three beverages were as follows: an amino acid mixture (A trial), glucose and fat cream (GF trial), or a mixture of glucose, fat cream, and amino acids (GFA trial). Venous blood samples were obtained before (0) and 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion in the A trial and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion in the GF and GFA trials. Results: The ingestion of amino acids alone (without glucose) slightly stimulated the secretion of insulin, and both insulin and glucagon levels significantly increased without changes in the glucose level. Co-ingestion of fat with glucose reduced the glucose rise, and the addition of amino acids suppressed the reduction in the blood glucose rise. There were no significant effects of the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on the lipid or lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat. Conclusion: Co-ingestion of amino acids with glucose and fat increased the glucose level compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat, probably by suppressing insulinotropic and glucagon-inhibitory effects. We conclude that the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat inhibits postchallenge glucose metabolism but does not significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Yukino Morita

School & Graduate School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
Natsuko Ichikawa

School & Graduate School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
Kayo Ootani

School & Graduate School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
Michitaka Naito

School & Graduate School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan

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APA Style

Yukino Morita, Natsuko Ichikawa, Kayo Ootani, Michitaka Naito. (2023). Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 11(4), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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ACS Style

Yukino Morita; Natsuko Ichikawa; Kayo Ootani; Michitaka Naito. Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2023, 11(4), 132-139. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

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AMA Style

Yukino Morita, Natsuko Ichikawa, Kayo Ootani, Michitaka Naito. Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women. J Food Nutr Sci. 2023;11(4):132-139. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14,
  author = {Yukino Morita and Natsuko Ichikawa and Kayo Ootani and Michitaka Naito},
  title = {Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {132-139},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20231104.14},
  abstract = {Aim: To investigate the effects of ingesting amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy young Japanese women (age 21.1 ± 0.1 y). In each session, the subjects ingested one of three beverages in a randomized crossover design. Materials used were an amino acid mixture (Amizet B™, 0.6 g/kg of body weight, 60 mg/kg as amino acids), glucose (1 g/kg of body weight), and fat cream (OFTT™ cream, 1 g/kg of body weight, 0.35 g/kg as fat). The three beverages were as follows: an amino acid mixture (A trial), glucose and fat cream (GF trial), or a mixture of glucose, fat cream, and amino acids (GFA trial). Venous blood samples were obtained before (0) and 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion in the A trial and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion in the GF and GFA trials. Results: The ingestion of amino acids alone (without glucose) slightly stimulated the secretion of insulin, and both insulin and glucagon levels significantly increased without changes in the glucose level. Co-ingestion of fat with glucose reduced the glucose rise, and the addition of amino acids suppressed the reduction in the blood glucose rise. There were no significant effects of the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on the lipid or lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat. Conclusion: Co-ingestion of amino acids with glucose and fat increased the glucose level compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat, probably by suppressing insulinotropic and glucagon-inhibitory effects. We conclude that the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat inhibits postchallenge glucose metabolism but does not significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Ingesting Amino Acids Simultaneously with Glucose and Fat on Postchallenge Metabolism in Healthy Young Women
AU  - Yukino Morita
AU  - Natsuko Ichikawa
AU  - Kayo Ootani
AU  - Michitaka Naito
Y1  - 2023/08/15
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 132
EP  - 139
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231104.14
AB  - Aim: To investigate the effects of ingesting amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on postchallenge glycemia and lipidemia. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy young Japanese women (age 21.1 ± 0.1 y). In each session, the subjects ingested one of three beverages in a randomized crossover design. Materials used were an amino acid mixture (Amizet B™, 0.6 g/kg of body weight, 60 mg/kg as amino acids), glucose (1 g/kg of body weight), and fat cream (OFTT™ cream, 1 g/kg of body weight, 0.35 g/kg as fat). The three beverages were as follows: an amino acid mixture (A trial), glucose and fat cream (GF trial), or a mixture of glucose, fat cream, and amino acids (GFA trial). Venous blood samples were obtained before (0) and 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion in the A trial and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion in the GF and GFA trials. Results: The ingestion of amino acids alone (without glucose) slightly stimulated the secretion of insulin, and both insulin and glucagon levels significantly increased without changes in the glucose level. Co-ingestion of fat with glucose reduced the glucose rise, and the addition of amino acids suppressed the reduction in the blood glucose rise. There were no significant effects of the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat on the lipid or lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat. Conclusion: Co-ingestion of amino acids with glucose and fat increased the glucose level compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat, probably by suppressing insulinotropic and glucagon-inhibitory effects. We conclude that the ingestion of amino acids simultaneously with glucose and fat inhibits postchallenge glucose metabolism but does not significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as compared to the ingestion of glucose and fat.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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